Theories & Perspectives

A theoretical perspective is a set of assumptions about reality that guide the questions we ask and the conclusions we reach. A theoretical viewpoint might be thought of as a lens through which we view the world, focusing or distorting what we see. It can also be conceived of as a frame that helps us include and exclude items from our view. The field of sociology is predicated on the notion that social institutions such as society and the family exist, as well as that culture, social structure, statuses, and roles are real. A theoretical perspective is vital for research because it helps us organise and communicate our thoughts and ideas to others. When framing research questions, designing and conducting research, and analysing findings, sociologists frequently employ numerous theoretical viewpoints at the same time. The distinction between macro and micro ways to understanding society is a key theoretical and practical difference within the science of sociology. Though they are frequently seen as opposing viewpoints—with macro focusing on the grand picture of societal structure, patterns, and trends and micro on the details of individual experience and daily life—they are actually complementary and mutually dependent.