Light is an electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by human eye. Light rays change direction when they reflect off a surface, move from one transparent medium into another or travel through a medium whose composition is changing. When a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back, it is called the reflection of light. The incident light ray which lands upon the surface is said to be reflected off the surface. The ray that bounces back is called the reflected ray. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it passes from one medium to another. The bending is caused due to the differences in density between the two substances. If a perpendicular were to be drawn on a reflecting surface, it would be called normal in both reflection and refraction. Refraction makes it possible for us to have optical instruments such as magnifying glasses, lenses and prisms. It is also because of the refraction of light that we are able to focus light on to our retina.

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