Oceans, marine ecosystems, and biodiversity are critical to the survival of life on Earth. Biodiversity is an all-encompassing term that describes the total variation among our planet's living organisms. Biodiversity or biological diversity is thus, in its most basic form, 'Life on Earth,' and includes marine biodiversity 'Life in the Oceans.' The incredible diversity of life in the oceans ranges from microbes to the Blue Whale, the largest animal ever to have lived on Earth. The term biodiversity also refers to the diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. As a result, marine biodiversity includes the greater diversity of genes in the oceans as well as a wide range of associated ecosystems such as mudflats. Life began in the sea and is much older there than on land. As a result, higher taxonomic levels of animal and plant diversity are much higher in the oceans, which host 33 of the world's 35 phyla, 13 of which are exclusively or mostly marine.

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