Surgical assistants perform several duties during operation, pre-surgery and post-surgery. They clean and sterilise medical equipment. They test the equipment if they are functioning or not. They ensure it is suitable for performing surgeries. Surgical assistants prepare the patients for surgeries. In the United States, the American College of Surgeons supports the concept that, ideally, the first assistant at the operating table should be a qualified surgeon or a resident in an approved surgical training program. Residents who have appropriate levels of training should be provided with opportunities to assist and participate in operations. If such assistants are unavailable, other physicians who are experienced in assisting may participate or a qualified practitioner licensed in the role of surgical assistant. The American College of Surgeons maintains that a physician who assists with an operation should be trained to participate in and actively assist the surgeon in safely completing the operation.

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