Substance abuse is a critical problem in the United States across all segments of the population and impacts in some way all members of our society. All counsellors no matter what their specialty or setting will encounter clients with presenting or related problems of substance abuse. However, counsellor education programs and their accrediting bodies do not require knowledge or skill development in this area. Thus, it is critical that we implement strategies to insure that all counsellors in practice and in counsellor preparation programs understand the process of substance. Addictive behaviour is characterized by preoccupation with the substance or the experience, withdrawal symptoms after not engaging in the substance or experience, increased tolerance for the substance or activity in order to achieve the same effect, and continued use despite negative consequences. While similarities of behaviour exist across all types of substance abuse, individuals cannot be categorized, defined, and treated in relation only to their substance abuse problem.

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