A neonatologist is a medical professional who specialises in caring for new-born babies, particularly those who are ill or born prematurely. They may also provide antenatal consultation for women with certain risk factors, such as multiple births. Neonatologists first train as paediatricians (doctors who specialise in caring for infants, children and adolescents), and then further specialise in caring for new-borns. Neonatologists usually work in neonatal intensive care units in large public maternity hospitals or children’s hospitals. Neonatology is a subspecialty of paediatrics that consists of the medical care of new-born infants, especially the ill or premature new-born. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practised in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of neonatologists are new-born infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia.

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