Cardiovascular surgeons treat damage caused by illnesses or abnormalities of the cardiovascular system by operating on your heart and blood vessels. A diagnosis of heart illness frequently begins with your primary care doctor, who sends you to a cardiologist. If your cardiologist determines that you require surgery, he or she will send you to a cardiovascular surgeon, who will join your heart-health team. Heart valve repair and replacement, heart defect repair, coronary artery bypass, aneurysm repair, transmyocardial laser revascularization, and heart transplantation are all procedures performed by cardiovascular surgeons. They also operate on blood arteries in your body, including as the aorta, which is the body's major blood supply. Today, heart surgery may also entail the use or implantation of ventricular assist devices (VADs), which are mechanical devices that "assist" the failing heart by assisting it in pumping blood throughout the body.

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