Technology is in a constant state of evolution. It is more evident when it comes to biotechnology and biotech innovation. Bacterial recombination is a process in which genetic recombination occurs in the bacterial cell. The three modes of the transfer of genetic materials are: transformation, conjugation and transduction. Conjugation means to join together, especially in chromosomal DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell via direct contact usually mediated by a conjugation pilus or sex pilus. Recipients of the DNA transferred by conjugation are called trans conjugants. Conjugation occurs in and between many species of bacteria including Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria and even occurs between bacteria and plants. Bacterial conjugation was discovered by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum in 1946. Conjugation is brought about by 2 genes in self-transmissible plasmid namely transacting gene (Tra gene) and Origin of transfer (Ori T) site.

Shashank Katariya

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