Early experiences affect the development of brain architecture, which provides the foundation for all future learning, behaviour etc. Just as a weak foundation compromises the quality and strength of a house, adverse experiences early in life can impair brain architecture, with negative effects lasting into adulthood. Simpler neural connections and skills form first, followed by more complex circuits and skills Brain architecture is comprised of billions of connections between individual neurons across different areas of the brain. These connections enable lightning-fast communication among neurons that specialize in different kinds of brain functions. These neurons in our brains communicate in a variety of ways. Signals pass between them by the release and capture of certain chemicals, such as glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and endorphins. Some neurochemicals work in the synapse, passing specific messages from release sites to receptors. Its deficiencies lead to certain diseases like Parkinson’s disease. It can also increase susceptibility to addiction because it mediates our sensations of reward and pleasure.

Malavika Menon

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