Biological buffers are organic substances that maintain a constant pH over a given range by neutralizing the effects of hydrogen ions. They keep the pH constant by taking up protons which are released during reactions, or by releasing protons when they are consumed by reactions. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The three major buffer systems of our body are carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system and protein buffer system. An example of a buffer solution is bicarbonate in blood, which maintains the body's internal pH. Buffering in blood is crucial to our survival. The pH of blood must be kept constant for normal body functions to work. If blood becomes too acidic, or too basic, then enzymes and proteins are unable to function. A detailed analysis of the topic is given in the presentation.

Shivangi Ojha

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